The detergents utilized in biology or biochemistry laboratories are relatively gentle surfactants that serve to disrupt cell membranes (lyse cells) and liberate soluble intracellular substances. They can disrupt the bonds between proteins-proteins and lipids-lipids, leading to structural denaturation of proteins and inhibiting protein crystallization. Additionally, they aid in averting non-specific adsorption during immunological experiments.

 

Surfactants possess an amphiphilic molecular structure, consisting of two ends: a hydrophilic group, also referred to as oleophobic, enabling the surfactant to dissolve in water in a monomeric state; and a hydrophobic group, also known as lipophilic, typically comprising a non-polar hydrocarbon chain.

 

Hydrophilic groups are typically polar, such as carboxyl (-COOH), sulfonate (-SO₃H), amino (-NH₂) or amine groups and their salts, hydroxyl (-OH), amide groups, ether bonds (-O-). Conversely, hydrophobic groups are generally non-polar hydrocarbon chains, including alkyl chains (R-), aryl groups (Ar-), and so on.

 

Surfactants are categorized into ionic surfactants (including cationic and anionic), nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, compound surfactants, and others.

 

A zwitterionic cleaning agent, with a hydrophilic head group containing one positive and one negative charge, exhibits electroneutrality. They are generally stronger surfactants than non-ionic ones. The most typical example is 3- (3- (cholamidopropyl) dimethylamino) propanesulfonic acid, more commonly known as CHAPS. Its critical micelle concentration (6mM at room temperature) is high and can be efficiently removed by dialysis. It is commonly used in sample preparation of 2-4% concentration isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional electrophoresis. CHAPSO is different from CHAPS in that it contains a more polar head end group, which can increase its solubility. Therefore, CHAPSO can be used for the dissolution of intact cell membrane proteins.

 

 

CHAPS

CHAPS is a betaine derivative of bile acid. When maintaining protein activity is important, this facultative ion detergent is useful for cell membrane protein dissolution. CHAPS is soluble in a wide pH range (2 to 12) and can be easily removed from the solution by dialysis due to its high critical micelle concentration (CMC).

Application:

l Solubilizing opioid receptors in rat brain cell membranes while retaining the reversible opioid binding properties of the receptors

l Purification of microsomal signal peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a complex

l Solubilization of dopamine D, muscarine, and opioid receptors in brain tissue

 

CHAPS has been effectively employed in solubilizing intrinsic membrane proteins and receptors while retaining the functionality of the associated proteins. Furthermore, CHAPS has been utilized in conjunction with non-ionic detergents, like NP-40, for non-denaturing gel electrophoresis applications. CHAPS has extensively replaced NP-40 in isoelectric focusing (IEF) procedures, owing to its ability to prevent the formation of stripes within the intermediate pH range. The electrical neutrality and dissociation properties of CHAPS are attributed to this improvement.

 

 

CHAPSO

CHAPSO is a non denaturing zwitterionic bile salt derivative.   Derived from Chaps by adding functional hydroxyl groups.

 

Application：

The dissolution and reconstruction processes of two transport protein liposomes were evaluated.

 

A novel bicell system was explored to orient macromolecules across a broad temperature spectrum.

 

The system was mixed with 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology was employed to investigate membrane-associated proteins.

 

A non-denaturing zwitterionic detergent, exhibiting properties analogous to CHAPS, yet holding higher solubility due to its more polar head group, was utilized. This detergent is ideal for solubilizing intrinsic membrane proteins.

 

 

Product information

Item Number	Product	Abbreviation	Purity	CAS号	Specification
ACH0004A	3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium]-1-propanesulfonic acid	CHAPS	≥98.0%	75621-03-3	5g,25g,100g
ACC0082A	3-[(3-Cholylamine propyl)dimethylamino]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate	CHAPSO	≥99.0%	82473-24-3	1g,5g,10g